dunnett’s post hoc test  (GraphPad Software Inc)

Journal: Brain and Neuroscience Advances

Article Title: Neuroprotection induced by protease-activated receptor 2 activation is independent of Gq signalling

doi: 10.1177/23982128251345673

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAR2 activators induce receptor internalisation but have differing effects on intracellular Ca 2+ . (a) Representative Ca 2+ imaging traces of SLIGRL and AC induced increases in intracellular Ca 2+ . (b) Bar chart summarising the effects of PAR2 modulators on [Ca 2+ ] i in astrocytes and neurons of rat primary hippocampal cultures. Data are changes in fluorescence ratio from the normalised baseline with n = mean data from ⩾ 5 cells from each culture obtained from different animals. * = p < 0.05, *** = p < 0.001 versus vehicle control, ### = p < 0.001 versus SLIGRL, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (c) Representative images of PAR2-GFP expression in tsA201 cells in the absence (vehicle = DMSO) and presence of PAR2 activators. (d) Bar chart revealing that all PAR2 modulators induce internalisation compared to vehicle controls. All data was acquired ⩾ 5 cells from at least 5 separate transfected tsA201 cultures. ***= p < 0.001 versus vehicle control, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Article Snippet: All data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. with differences examined for statistical significance using one-way ANOVAs with Dunnett’s or Tukey’s post hoc test where appropriate using Minitab (v19), with p < 0.05 taken as significant.

Techniques: Imaging, Fluorescence, Control, Expressing, Transfection

Journal: Brain and Neuroscience Advances

Article Title: Neuroprotection induced by protease-activated receptor 2 activation is independent of Gq signalling

doi: 10.1177/23982128251345673

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAR2 activators do not induce neurotoxicity in OHSCs. (a) Representative images of propidium iodide fluorescence in OHSCs 24 h after exposure to KA, SLIGRL, AC and GB88. (b) Bar chart illustrating that PAR2 activators are not neurotoxic in OHSCs when compared to KA-induced neurotoxicity. Data are expressed as a percentage of the maximum PI fluorescence observed following exposure to kainic acid (300 µM, 24 h) with n = OHSC data obtained from ⩾2 slices per animal from which they were prepared. *** = p < 0.001 versus vehicle control, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Article Snippet: All data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. with differences examined for statistical significance using one-way ANOVAs with Dunnett’s or Tukey’s post hoc test where appropriate using Minitab (v19), with p < 0.05 taken as significant.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Brain and Neuroscience Advances

Article Title: Neuroprotection induced by protease-activated receptor 2 activation is independent of Gq signalling

doi: 10.1177/23982128251345673

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAR2 activators are neuroprotective when co-applied with KA in OHSCs. (a) Representative OSHC images illustrating that PAR2 activators reduce neurotoxicity when co-applied with KA (300 µM, 24 h). (b) Summary bar chart highlighting that SLIGRL, AC and GB88 reduce neurotoxicity when co-applied with KA (300 µM, 24 h). ***= p < 0.001 versus KA alone, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. (c) OHSC neurotoxicity is reduced when SLIGRL, AC and GB88 are co-applied with KA (20 µM, 24 h). Data are expressed as a percentage of the maximum PI fluorescence observed following exposure to kainic acid (300 µM, 24 h) with n = OHSC data obtained from ⩾ 2 slices per animal from which they were prepared. ***= p < 0.001 versus KA alone, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Article Snippet: All data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. with differences examined for statistical significance using one-way ANOVAs with Dunnett’s or Tukey’s post hoc test where appropriate using Minitab (v19), with p < 0.05 taken as significant.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Brain and Neuroscience Advances

Article Title: Neuroprotection induced by protease-activated receptor 2 activation is independent of Gq signalling

doi: 10.1177/23982128251345673

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAR2 activators are neuroprotective even after initiation of KA-induced neurotoxicity. (a) Representative images illustrating that PAR2 activators reduce neurotoxicity when applied after exposure to KA (300 µM, 1 h). (b) Bar chart revealing that KA-induced neurotoxicity is reduced even when SLIGRL, AC and GB88 are applied after OHSC exposure to KA (300 µM, 1 h). ***= p < 0.001 versus KA alone, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. (c) Summary showing that AC and GB88 reduced OHSC neurotoxicity when applied following KA (20 µM, 1 h) application. Data are expressed as a percentage of the maximum PI fluorescence observed following exposure to kainic acid (300 µM, 24 h) with n = OHSC data obtained from ⩾ 2 slices per animal from which they were prepared. *= p < 0.05, **= p < 0.01 versus KA alone, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Article Snippet: All data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. with differences examined for statistical significance using one-way ANOVAs with Dunnett’s or Tukey’s post hoc test where appropriate using Minitab (v19), with p < 0.05 taken as significant.

Techniques: Fluorescence